Newbie problems
hen you are using the AVR like ATTINY, ATMEGA, ATXMEGA without knowledge of the architecture you can experience some problems as a Newbie.
Regarding XMEGA see also ATXMEGA
As a newbie always use stack and framesize (until you know what you do) !
$hwstack = 24
$swstack = 10
$framesize = 30
When you encounter problems always try to increase the values behind the stack's and framesize and test the program again.
If you want to learn more about hwstack, swstack and framesize start with Memory usage
Do not include too much in Interrupt Service Routines (ISR). Keep the ISR as short as possible !
Avoid something like print function in ISR (temporarily for debugging this is OK).
See also Language Fundamentals
FAQ:
Question: What can I use as the first "Hello World" Bascom-AVR program ?
Answer: Following a "Hello World" example:
$regfile = "m16def.dat" ' specify the used AVR
$crystal = 8000000 ' used crystal frequency
$hwstack = 32 ' default use 32 for the hardware stack
$swstack = 10 ' default use 10 for the SW stack
$framesize = 40 ' default use 40 for the frame space
$baud = 19200 ' use baud rate 19200 baud
Do
Print "Hello World" ' Print Hello World
Waitms 1000 ' Wait 1000ms = 1 second
Loop
End ' end program
With ATTINY and ATMEGA you need to check if the fuse bits are set correct for the 8MHz (for this example). Some chips will be shipped by the manufacturer (Atmel) with 1MHz frequency fuse bit settings.
If you want to change the UART Interface (like stopbits) use this here in addition to $baud.
(Dummy is used because the baudrate is already configured with $baud = 19200 )
Config Com1 = Dummy, Synchrone = 0, Parity = None, Stopbits = 1, Databits = 8, Clockpol = 0
Q: How can I program (flash) the AVR with Bascom ?
A: You can use an external programmer. See Supported Programmers (For ATTINY you need to use an external hardware programmer)
You can also use the MCS bootloader MCS Bootloader (ATMEGA or ATXMEGA)
See also Application Note: 143
http://www.mcselec.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=159&Itemid=57
Instead of using the BASCOM-AVR build in programmer you can also use our stand alone Bootloader application (for Windows):
http://www.mcselec.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=153&Itemid=54
Q: I'm using an Arduino hardware with Bascom-AVR. How can I program it ?
A: See ARDUINO
Q: I can not set a pin high or low ? I can not read the input on a pin ?
A: The AVR has 3 registers for each port. A port normally consists of 8 pins. A port is named with a letter from A-F (ATMEGA) and even more with ATXMEGA. All parts have PORTB. When you want to set a single pin high or low you can use the SET and RESET statements. But before you use them the AVR chip must know in which direction you are going to use the pins.
Therefore there is a register named DDRx for each port. In our sample it is named DDRB.
When you write a 0 to the bit position of the pin you can use the pin as an input.
When you write a 1 you can use it as output.
You can also use CONFIG PORTX.Y = INPUT|OUTPUT
After the direction bit is set you must use either the PORTx register to set a logic level or the PINx register to READ a pin level.
Yes the third register is the PINx register. In our sample, PINB.
For example we like to use PORTB.7 as an OUTPUT pin:
CONFIG PORTB.7=OUTPUT ' will write a '1' to DDRB.7
SET PORTB.7 ' will set the MS bit to +5V
RESET PORTB.7 ' will set MS bit to 0 V
When using a PIN in INPUT mode, you can also activate an internal pull up resistor.
Pull up means that the pin is connected with an internal resistor to VCC.
To enable the pull up resistor, you need to write a '1' to the PORT register.
Example to read PORTB.0 pin :
CONFIG PORTB.0=INPUT ' clears DDRB.0
PORTB.0=1 ' activate pull up
Print PINB.0 ' will read LS bit and send it to the RS-232
You may also read from PORTx but it will return the value that was last written to it and not the input of the pin.
To read or write whole bytes use :
PORTB = 0 ' write 0 to register making all pins low
PRINT PINB ' print input on pins
Config a Pin as output:
Config Porte.0 = Output
which is the same as:
DDRE = &B00000001
or can be written as:
set DDRE.0
Set Output:
Set porte.0
which is the same as:
porte.0 = 1
Reset Output:
Reset porte.0
which is the same as:
porte.0 = 0
Config a Pin as Input:
Config Pine.0 = Input
which is the same as:
DDRE.0 = 0
or can be written as:
DDRE = &B00000000
Read Input:
Variabel = PINE.0
To check one pin for status in an if .... statement:
If Pine.0 = 1 Then
' do someting....
End If
Q: I want to write a special character but they are not printed correct ?
A: Well this is not a newbie problem but I put it here so you could find it.
Some ASCII characters above 127 are interpreted wrong depending on country settings. To print the right value use : PRINT "Test{123}?"
The {xxx} will be replaced with the correct ASCII character.
You must use 3 digits otherwise the compiler will think you want to print {12} for example. This should be {012}
Q: My application was working but with a new micro it is slow and print funny ?
A: Most new micro’s have an internal oscillator that is enabled by default. As it runs on 1 or 2 or 4 or 8 or 32 MHz, this might be slower or faster then your external or internal crystal. This results in slow operation.
As the baud rate is derived from the clock, it will also result in wrong baud rates.
Solution : change frequency with $crystal so the internal clock will be used.
Or change the fuse bits (or change config with XMEGA) so correct clock source like external xtal will be used.
Q: Some bits on Port C are not working ?
A: Some chips have a JTAG interface. Disable it with the proper fuse bit . Or use DISABLE JTAG in your code.
Q: Can I use an ATTINY or ATMEGA as TWI/I2C Slave ?
A: Yes, there is a commercial add on Bascom library available
Here the link: I2CSLAVE Library (Download version)
See also: CONFIG TWISLAVE
Q: What is Overlay ?
A: See DIM
Q: Is there a way to use a buffer with software UART ?
A: No, this is not supported.
Q: I have an ATTINY without UART or I need an additional UART on ATMEGA. Is there a "Software UART" in Bascom-AVR ?
A: See Using the UART and scroll down to SOFTWARE UART
Q: How can I start with ATXMETGA and Bascom-AVR ?
A: See ATXMEGA
Q: How to declare a subroutine or function ?
A: See DECLARE SUB or DECLARE FUNCTION
Q: I have a number like 1234.888999 but I just want to have one digit after decimal point (1234.8). How can I do that ?
A: See CONFIG SINGLE
Q: How can I set or reset single bits in byte/integer/long variables ?
A: There are several ways to write or read a single bit:
1. You can use NBITS or BITS to set or reset one or more bits
2. You can use it following way:
Example on how to set/reset single bits in a variable.
Dim my_long_var As Long
My_long_var.0 = 1
You can also use SET or RESET
Set My_long_var.31
Reset My_long_var.31
You even can use a variable as index
Dim Idx As Byte
Idx = 3
Reset My_long_var.idx
For a long variable Idx can be from 0......31
For an integer Idx can be from 0....15
For a byte Idx can be from 0......7
3. You can use BITWAIT to wait until a bit is set (1) or reset (0).
Example:
Dim A As Bit
Bitwait A , Set ' wait until bit a is set
'the above will never continue because it is not set i software
'it could be set in an ISR routine
Bitwait Pinb.7 , Reset ' wait until bit 7 of Port B is 0.
4. You can use TOGGLE to invert the state of a bit
Dim my_long_var As Long
Toggle My_long_var.31
Q: Can I create BIT ARRAYS larger then a LONG variable ?
A: Yes, here is a way to do it:
$regfile = "m162def.dat" ' specify the used micro
$crystal = 8000000 ' used crystal frequency
$baud = 19200 ' use baud rate
$hwstack = 32 ' default use 32 for the hardware stack
$swstack = 10 ' default use 10 for the SW stack
$framesize = 40 ' default use 40 for the frame space
Dim Byte_arr(32) As Byte
Dim Idx As Byte
Byte_arr(1).8 = 1
Print "Byte_arr(2) = " ; Bin(byte_arr(2))
Byte_arr(1).15 = 1
Print "Byte_arr(2) = " ; Bin(byte_arr(2))
Byte_arr(1).29 = 1
Print "Byte_arr(4) = " ; Bin(byte_arr(4))
Idx = 63
Byte_arr(1).idx = 1
Print "Byte_arr(8) = " ; Bin(byte_arr(8))
Idx = 255
Byte_arr(1).idx = 1
Print "Byte_arr(32) = " ; Bin(byte_arr(32))
'(
Bascom Simulator Output =
Byte_arr(2) = 00000001
Byte_arr(2) = 10000001
Byte_arr(4) = 00100000
Byte_arr(8) = 10000000
Byte_arr(32) = 10000000
')
End
Q: Can I pass a BIT variable to SUB routines or user FUNCTION ?
A: You can not pass BIT variables to SUB routines or user FUNCTION
Use a BYTE for that.
Here is one of many workarounds for that:
$regfile = "m162def.dat" ' specify the used micro
$crystal = 8000000 ' used crystal frequency
$baud = 19200 ' use baud rate
$hwstack = 32 ' default use 32 for the hardware stack
$swstack = 10 ' default use 10 for the SW stack
$framesize = 40 ' default use 40 for the frame space
Config Submode = New
Dim C As Byte
Sub Test(byref B As Byte)
Local C As Byte
C = B And &B00000001
If C = 1 Then
Print "B = 1"
Else
Print "B = 0"
End If
End Sub
'Main program
Set C.0
Call Test(c)
Reset C.0
Call Test(c)
End ' end program
Q: Can I dimension a LOCAL variable in a function or sub routine as BIT ?
A: You can not. BIT variables are not possible because they are GLOBAL to the system.
Q: I still have a problem. What to do ?
A: Here is the link to the Bascom-AVR forum: http://www.mcselec.com/index2.php?option=com_forum&Itemid=59
At first please try to search the forum (often you can find users with the same problem) . The search page is here:
http://www.mcselec.com/index2.php?option=com_forum&Itemid=59&page=search
If the forum can not help you, here is the Email address for support: support@mcselec.com
PLEASE provide as much as possible information in your post or Email:
- Include the Bascom-AVR version number and your serial number in the Email to support
Do not post your serial number in the Forum !!!
- Always test with the latest available version, support is only available for the latest version
- Include a small sample that will demonstrate the error.
- Make sure you include all required files for compilation or for showing the problem.
- Be clear if the problem exist in the simulator or the hardware and what kind of hardware you use
| Languages | English • Deutsch |
|---|